{"id":1576,"date":"2025-03-30T11:57:49","date_gmt":"2025-03-30T11:57:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studio74.pl\/historiapomorza\/under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\/"},"modified":"2025-09-25T19:57:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T19:57:40","slug":"under-the-rule-of-the-griffins","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\/","title":{"rendered":"Under the rule of the Griffins"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-query wp-block-kadence-query932_f53229-23 kadence-query-init kb-query-basic-style animation-overlay kb-query wp-block-kadence-query\" data-id=\"1500\" data-infinite-scroll=\"\">\n<style>.kb-pro-masonry-init .wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a.wp-block-kadence-query-card .kb-query-grid-wrap{columns:3;}.kb-pro-masonry-init .wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a.wp-block-kadence-query-card .kb-query-grid-wrap .kb-query-item{margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);}.wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a.wp-block-kadence-query-card .kb-query-grid-wrap.kb-query-grid-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, 1fr);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);}.wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a .kb-query-grid-wrap .kb-query-item.kb-query-block-post{box-shadow:inset 0px 0px 60px -15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);background:normal;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;}.wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a .kb-query-grid-wrap .kb-query-item.kb-query-block-post:hover{background:normal;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-pro-masonry-init .wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a.wp-block-kadence-query-card .kb-query-grid-wrap{columns:2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a.wp-block-kadence-query-card .kb-query-grid-wrap.kb-query-grid-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-pro-masonry-init .wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a.wp-block-kadence-query-card .kb-query-grid-wrap{columns:1;}.wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a.wp-block-kadence-query-card .kb-query-grid-wrap.kb-query-grid-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(1, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-query-card932_daa8f5-9a wp-block-kadence-query-card\" data-max-num-pages=\"1\"><div class=\"overlay\"><\/div><ul class=\"kb-query-grid-wrap\" data-item-selector=\"kb-query-item\"><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-2911 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry kategoria-epoki-monograficzne kategoria-epoki-pod-rzadami-gryfitow\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/stosunki-pomorsko-polskie-w-czasach-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31-768x666.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"666\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2912 \" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31-768x666.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31-300x260.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31-1024x888.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31.jpeg 1072w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/monograficzne\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Monograficzne<\/a><\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item kb-dynamic-list-divider\"> | <\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/pod-rzadami-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Pod rz\u0105dami Gryfit\u00f3w<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/stosunki-pomorsko-polskie-w-czasach-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">Stosunki pomorsko-polskie w czasach Gryfit\u00f3w<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 February 10, 2026<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">Stosunki pomorsko-polskie w czasach Gryfit\u00f3w obejmowa\u0142y w XII wieku sprawowanie w\u0142adzy zwierzchniej nad ksi\u0119stwem pomorskim przez polskich w\u0142adc\u00f3w (lenno polskie). W kolejnych stuleciach wzajemne relacje opiera\u0142y si\u0119 na zwi\u0105zkach dynastycznych, m.in. Bogus\u0142awa X z Anna Jagiellonk\u0105 (1491), a tak\u017ce sojuszach politycznych i wojskowych wobec wsp\u00f3lnego zagro\u017cenia. Poza tym mi\u0119dzy oboma krajami istnia\u0142y liczne powi\u0105zania gospodarcze,&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div 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class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-2755 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry kategoria-epoki-monograficzne kategoria-epoki-pod-rzadami-gryfitow\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ustroj-pomorza-w-czasach-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-10-768x965.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"965\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2760 \" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-10-768x965.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-10-239x300.jpeg 239w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-10-815x1024.jpeg 815w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-10.jpeg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/monograficzne\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Monograficzne<\/a><\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item kb-dynamic-list-divider\"> | <\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/pod-rzadami-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Pod rz\u0105dami Gryfit\u00f3w<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ustroj-pomorza-w-czasach-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">Ustr\u00f3j Pomorza w czasach Gryfit\u00f3w<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 February 3, 2026<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">Pocz\u0105tkowo ksi\u0119stwo pomorskie stanowi\u0142o monarchi\u0119 patrymonialn\u0105 z prawem ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119cym. W ci\u0105gu XIII wieku, wraz z kolonizacj\u0105 i przyj\u0119ciem wzorc\u00f3w zachodnich (kolonizacja na prawie niemieckim), ksi\u0119stwo przekszta\u0142ci\u0142o si\u0119 w feudaln\u0105 monarchi\u0119, a podstaw\u0105 stosunk\u00f3w by\u0142o prawo lenne i przywileje stanowe. Ksi\u0119stwo sta\u0142o si\u0119 po okresie podleg\u0142o\u015bci lennej ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119tom polskim cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 cesarstwa, co ostatecznie potwierdzi\u0142 cesarz Karol&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ustroj-pomorza-w-czasach-gryfitow\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-2735 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry kategoria-epoki-monograficzne kategoria-epoki-pod-rzadami-gryfitow\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ustroj-miejski-na-ksiazecym-pomorzu\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-768x648.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"648\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2738 \" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-768x648.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-300x253.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-1024x864.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4.jpeg 1379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/monograficzne\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Monograficzne<\/a><\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item kb-dynamic-list-divider\"> | <\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/pod-rzadami-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Pod rz\u0105dami Gryfit\u00f3w<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ustroj-miejski-na-ksiazecym-pomorzu\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">Ustr\u00f3j miejski na ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119cym Pomorzu<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 February 3, 2026<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">Kolonizacja na prawie niemieckim na Pomorzu w XIII wieku wprowadzi\u0142a now\u0105 form\u0119 organizacji ludno\u015bci zajmuj\u0105cej si\u0119 zaj\u0119ciami pozarolniczymi. W miejsce grod\u00f3w i podgrodzi wed\u0142ug wzorc\u00f3w zachodnich powsta\u0142y miasta lokowane na prawie magdeburskim lub lubeckim. Stanowi\u0142y one samorz\u0105dowe komuny, z w\u0142asnymi organami zarz\u0105du \u2013 radami miejskimi i s\u0105downictwa miejskiego \u2013 \u0142awami miejskimi. Du\u017ce miasta pomorskie aktywnie&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ustroj-miejski-na-ksiazecym-pomorzu\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-2582 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry kategoria-epoki-monograficzne kategoria-epoki-pod-rzadami-gryfitow\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ksiestwo-pomorskie-a-wojna-trzydziestoletnia\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-1-768x940.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"940\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2589 \" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-1-768x940.jpg 768w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-1-245x300.jpg 245w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-1-837x1024.jpg 837w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-1-1255x1536.jpg 1255w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-1-1673x2048.jpg 1673w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/monograficzne\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Monograficzne<\/a><\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item kb-dynamic-list-divider\"> | <\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/pod-rzadami-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Pod rz\u0105dami Gryfit\u00f3w<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ksiestwo-pomorskie-a-wojna-trzydziestoletnia\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">Ksi\u0119stwo Pomorskie a wojna trzydziestoletnia<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 January 30, 2026<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">23 maja 1618 roku mia\u0142a miejsce w Pradze druga (wg niekt\u00f3rych badaczy trzecia) defenestracja praska. Z okien zamku na Hradczanach wyrzucono dw\u00f3ch namiestnik\u00f3w cesarskich i ich sekretarza, co zapocz\u0105tkowa\u0142o jeden z najkrwawszych konflikt\u00f3w w nowo\u017cytnej Europie, zwany wojn\u0105 trzydziestoletni\u0105 (1618\u2013648). By\u0142 to efekt stopniowego ograniczania przywilej\u00f3w nadanych czeskim protestantom przez cesarza Rudolfa II listem majestatycznym&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/ksiestwo-pomorskie-a-wojna-trzydziestoletnia\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-2445 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard hentry kategoria-epoki-czasy-najnowsze kategoria-epoki-under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-loitz-banking-house\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/czasy-najnowsze\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Czasy najnowsze<\/a><\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item kb-dynamic-list-divider\"> | <\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/kategoria-epoki\/under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Under the rule of the Griffins<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-loitz-banking-house\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">The Rise and Fall of the Loitz Banking House<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 January 20, 2026<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">Oto t\u0142umaczenie na j\u0119zyk angielski:The driving force behind the urban economy at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries was international trade and the development of banking operations, which allowed the wealthiest burghers to dynamically multiply their fortunes. The patricians held both economic and political power in the cities, serving as councillors, bankers, landowners,&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-loitz-banking-house\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-2394 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard hentry kategoria-epoki-monograficzne kategoria-epoki-pod-rzadami-gryfitow\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/gryf-herb-pomorza-zachodniego\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/monograficzne\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Monograficzne<\/a><\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item kb-dynamic-list-divider\"> | <\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/pod-rzadami-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Pod rz\u0105dami Gryfit\u00f3w<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/gryf-herb-pomorza-zachodniego\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">Gryf \u2013 herb Pomorza Zachodniego<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 January 9, 2026<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">Herb jest to znak graficzny umieszczony w polu tarczy, stworzony wed\u0142ug pewnych okre\u015blonych zasad, w symboliczny spos\u00f3b reprezentuj\u0105cy swego w\u0142a\u015bciciela. \u00d3w znak graficzny mo\u017cemy jednak nazwa\u0107 herbem dopiero wtedy, gdy staje si\u0119 on dziedziczny, gdy dana osoba, rodzina, r\u00f3d czy miasto pos\u0142uguj\u0105 si\u0119 nim stale, nie zmieniaj\u0105c go wraz z w\u0142asnymi upodobaniami. Pierwsze herby powstawa\u0142y&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/gryf-herb-pomorza-zachodniego\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-1880 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry kategoria-epoki-pod-rzadami-gryfitow\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-manorial-serf-economy-in-the-ducal-domains\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_876c1876c1876c18-768x429.png\" alt=\"Gospodarka folwarczno-pa\u0144szczy\u017aniana w domenach ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119cych\" width=\"768\" height=\"429\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2436 \" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_876c1876c1876c18-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_876c1876c1876c18-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_876c1876c1876c18-1024x572.png 1024w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_876c1876c1876c18-1536x857.png 1536w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_876c1876c1876c18-2048x1143.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/pod-rzadami-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Pod rz\u0105dami Gryfit\u00f3w<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-manorial-serf-economy-in-the-ducal-domains\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">The Manorial\u2013Serf Economy in the Ducal Domains<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 September 28, 2025<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">When Bogislaw X succeeded in uniting Pomerania in 1478, the ducal estates were in a deplorable condition. Severely diminished, they were almost entirely in the hands of land vogts (stewards), who remitted only a small portion of the income derived from peasant labor to the ducal treasury.&#13; &#13; In this situation, Bogislaw X decided to&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-manorial-serf-economy-in-the-ducal-domains\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-1660 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry kategoria-epoki-pod-rzadami-gryfitow kategoria-epoki-under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-economy-of-pomerania-in-the-ducal-period-16th-early-17th-century\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y00te2y00te2y00t-768x429.png\" alt=\"Gospodarka Pomorza\" width=\"768\" height=\"429\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2438 \" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y00te2y00te2y00t-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y00te2y00te2y00t-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y00te2y00te2y00t-1024x572.png 1024w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y00te2y00te2y00t-1536x857.png 1536w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y00te2y00te2y00t-2048x1143.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/pod-rzadami-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Pod rz\u0105dami Gryfit\u00f3w<\/a><\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item kb-dynamic-list-divider\"> | <\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/kategoria-epoki\/under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Under the rule of the Griffins<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-economy-of-pomerania-in-the-ducal-period-16th-early-17th-century\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">The economy of Pomerania in the ducal period (16th \u2013 early 17th century)<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 September 28, 2025<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">The Economy of Pomerania in the Ducal Period (16th \u2013 early 17th century) In the 16th and early 17th centuries, agriculture was the main branch of the Pomeranian economy, even though the region\u2019s soils were not among the most fertile. Medium- and low-quality soils dominated, while the more fertile black earths and brown soils were&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/the-economy-of-pomerania-in-the-ducal-period-16th-early-17th-century\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-1656 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry kategoria-epoki-pod-rzadami-gryfitow kategoria-epoki-under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/pomeranian-society-in-the-ducal-period-16th-early-17th-century\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/1-1-768x755.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"755\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2468 \" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/1-1-768x755.jpg 768w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/1-1-300x295.jpg 300w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/1-1.jpg 925w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/kategoria-epoki\/pod-rzadami-gryfitow\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Pod rz\u0105dami Gryfit\u00f3w<\/a><\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item kb-dynamic-list-divider\"> | <\/li><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/kategoria-epoki\/under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Under the rule of the Griffins<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/pomeranian-society-in-the-ducal-period-16th-early-17th-century\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">Pomeranian society in the ducal period (16th \u2013 early 17th century)<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 September 28, 2025<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">The total population of Pomerania in the 16th and early 17th centuries is very difficult to calculate precisely. We have only estimates, which indicate that in the first decades of the 16th century about 350,000 people lived in Pomeranian lands. Around 100 years later (before the catastrophe of the Thirty Years\u2019 War), the population of&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/pomeranian-society-in-the-ducal-period-16th-early-17th-century\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"kb-query-item kb-query-block-post post-1760 epoka type-epoka status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry kategoria-epoki-under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\"><div class=\"kb-query-item-flip-back\"><\/div>\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-image1516_55cff3-cd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1516_55cff3-cd kb-image-is-ratio-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/lutheran-religious-breakthrough-in-pomerania\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\"><div class=\"kb-is-ratio-image kb-image-ratio-land32\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-768x1216.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1216\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2948 \" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-768x1216.jpg 768w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-647x1024.jpg 647w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-970x1536.jpg 970w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-1293x2048.jpg 1293w, https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ryc.-1-scaled.jpg 1616w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_ee04d0-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kb-dynamic-list.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover, .kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 .kb-dynamic-list-item a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7.kb-dynamic-list-style-pill .kb-dynamic-list-item:hover{background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamiclist kb-dynamic-list kb-dynamic-list-id-1516_a86ec5-e7 kb-dynamic-list-layout-horizontal kb-dynamic-list-style-basic kb-dynamic-list-alignment-left kb-dynamic-list-link-style-none\"><li class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/kategoria-epoki\/under-the-rule-of-the-griffins\/\" class=\"kb-dynamic-list-item-link\">Under the rule of the Griffins<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\"] a, a.kb-advanced-heading-link.kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3{text-decoration:none;}<\/style>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/lutheran-religious-breakthrough-in-pomerania\/\" class=\"kb-advanced-heading-link kt-adv-heading-link1516_b03e30-c3 hls-none\"><h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_b03e30-c3\">Lutheran religious breakthrough in Pomerania<\/h2><\/a>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{row-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c{position:relative;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column1516_efb907-1c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1516_efb907-1c kb-section-dir-horizontal\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_fa2da5-85\">By <\/span>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"]{display:block;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<span class=\"kt-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading1516_96a5a2-21\">\u2022 August 26, 2025<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml.kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7.kb-dynamic-html:not(.added-for-specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-dynamichtml kb-dynamic-html kb-dynamic-html-id-1516_854d4b-c7\">Martin Luther\u2019s appearance in 1517 caused great upheaval throughout the Empire. It did not yet mean a break with the Catholic Church; nevertheless, it could not pass without a reaction, both from the ecclesiastical hierarchy and from the emperor himself (from 1519 \u2013 Charles V). By \u201cdiagnosing\u201d the state of the Church and the role&#8230;<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1516_664602-8c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1516_664602-8c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1516_664602-8c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);font-size:14px;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1516_182b26-5d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:rgba(0,0,0,0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1516_182b26-5d kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/epoka\/lutheran-religious-breakthrough-in-pomerania\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Read More<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1576","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":[],"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"lukasz","author_link":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/author\/studio74-50wrmi\/"},"comment_info":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1576"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1577,"href":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1576\/revisions\/1577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiapomorza.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}